After years of reluctance to implement Section 210 of the constitution by setting up an Independent Complaints Mechanism that looks into the excesses of the security forces, the government seems to be yielding and has called for public hearings to discuss a draft Bill. The Bill intends to provide for an independent complaints mechanism for members of the public against members of the security forces of Zimbabwe namely the Zimbabwe Republic Police, Zimbabwe Defence Forces, prisons, and members of the intelligence (CIOs).
The public meetings will be held in Harare and Victoria Falls on 7 June, Chinhoyi and Bulawayo, 8 June, Bindura and Gwanda 9 June, Marondera and Masvingo, 10 June and finally, Gweru and Mutare on 12 June.
This is a step in the right direction given the context of a chequered history of human rights violations by security forces that dates to the Gukurahundi atrocities in post-independence Zimbabwe. In its last report, the Zimbabwe Peace Project named the Zimbabwe Republic Police as the biggest human rights violator in the country. During the Covid-19 lockdown, the army was also named as a human rights violator. This was true in some countries, but constitutional mechanisms quickly kicked in to investigate the incidents and action was taken.
The absence of a similar mechanism, Zimbabwe has allowed impunity to flourish. The violence in the 2002 and 2008 elections perpetrated by security forces resulted in many deaths and disappearances but victims have not yet received any justice and the perpetrators have not been held accountable in some of the cases. Most recently security forces shot civilians in Harare resulting in the setting up of the Motlanthe Commission which made recommendations such as re-training of security forces, prosecution of those involved as well as implementing Section 210 of the constitution which says there must be an independent complaints mechanism.
The security forces were at it again when civilians were shot during protests over rising fuel prices in 2019. Despite independent findings by human rights watchdogs that excessive force was used by security forces no action was taken against the security officers involved.
The violence by security forces has not spared journalists in Zimbabwe with several journalists and freedom of expression activists finding themselves on the wrong end of the security forces stick on several occasions especially during the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. In total MISA Zimbabwe reported violations against 52 media workers, including journalists, vendors, and media students in 2020. This is more than twice the number reported in 2019.
While the cases have decreased of late, illegal detention of journalists and harassment of journalists by security forces continues. Despite these arrests of journalists over the years, none of the arrests have yielded convictions raising speculation that these are just cases of security forces impunity.
High profile arrests of people such as Hopewell Chin’ono have dominated the news after he was arrested several times. Chin’ono lost his camera to security forces and to date it has not yet been returned. Another journalist James Jemwa lost a camera in 2017 after an arrest and it was never recovered. ANZ, publishers of the Daily News, lost property to bombing by unknown assailants believed to be security agents and no one was ever held accountable.
Mduduzi Mathuthu another journalist had a relative abducted allegedly by security forces and he has been living in fear ever since. Samantha kureya popularly known as Gonyeti of Bus Stop TV was also allegedly abducted by security forces and was tortured. These incidents were never sufficiently investigated to bring closure to the issues. This may be because the security forces would not have any interest in investigating themselves and holding themselves accountable.
Journalists Munashe Chokodza and Leopold Munhende were sjamboked by officers of the Zimbabwe National Army while in another case of extreme brutality by security forces, teargas was thrown into the 263Chat newsroom in 2019. These acts of impunity against members of the fourth estate have gone unaccounted for.
The police have been made accountable through a series of court defeats of late with activists such as Jestina Mukoko receiving compensation for the violations perpetrated by the police and other security agents. Ordinary people however do not have the resources to take security forces to court.
Until the courts intervened during the Covid-19 lockdown in 2020, journalists were under siege from security forces. The police and organisations such as MISA Zimbabwe have since found each other through fruitful engagement and managed to bring the numbers down but a mechanism such as the Independent Complaints Mechanism may assist in reducing the number to zero.
With the background of these violations, it is therefore important for citizens to participate in the public hearings and have their voices heard. In 2017 Professor Jonathan Moyo and Savior Kasukuwere narrated horrific ordeals of attacks on their homes by security forces. Their homes were shot at while their families were inside. Each of us is a potential victim of security force excess and there is a need for all citizens to close ranks and come up with a law that will make the security forces accountable for any of their unlawful conduct.
Malvern Mkudu is the Advocacy Officer of the Media Institute of Southern Africa Zimbabwe Chapter. He can be contacted on email at mm*****@***il.com
